Cataracts in Elderly Patients with Grade 1 Hypertension: Case Reports

Abstract

Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, including in Indonesia, particularly among the elderly population. Uncontrolled hypertension is believed to accelerate the development of cataract through mechanisms involving oxidative stress and microvascular dysfunction. This case is reported due to the frequent coexistence of hypertension and cataract in older adults; however, the relationship between systemic risk factor control and visual function preservation is often underemphasized. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic approach, and management of a patient with hypertension and senile cataract. This case report is based on primary data obtained from medical history taking, physical examination, blood pressure measurement, and ophthalmological assessment. A 63-year-old male patient, Mr. H, was diagnosed with grade 1 hypertension and senile cataract, presenting with progressive right eye visual deterioration accompanied by a sensation of haze and glare. Clinical evaluation revealed a blood pressure of 145/93 mmHg, reduced visual acuity, lens opacity, and a positive shadow test, supporting the diagnosis. Management included administration of amlodipine 5 mg, lifestyle modification education such as a low-salt diet, increased physical activity, smoking cessation, and improved medication adherence. The patient was also referred to an ophthalmologist for further evaluation and consideration of phacoemulsification as definitive therapy. This case highlights that early recognition, blood pressure control, and appropriate management play an important role in slowing disease progression and preserving visual function.