Effectivity of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics Use In Schizophrenia Patients: A Literature Study

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex syndrome with a heterogeneous combination of symptoms that can be divided into positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 the prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide affects around 24 million people or 1 in 300 people with a proportion of 0.32%. The main pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic drugs. Classification of antipsychotics is divided into two, namely first generation antipsychotics which are known as typical or conventional and second generation antipsychotics which are known as atypical or non conventional antipsychotics. Estimates of the discontinuation rate for oral antipsychotics range from 26 to 44%, leading to symptomatic recurrence as well as an increased risk of hospitalization. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics were developed to address this problem and have been shown to be more effective than oral antipsychotics in preventing relapse and treating them. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the effectiveness of long-term injectable antipsychotic use in schizophrenic patients. The library search method is carried out online using electronic databases, namely Pubmed NCBI and Google Scholar. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics namely risperidone, paliperidone palmitate, fluphenazine decanoate, and flupentixol decanoate were effective in being used in schizophrenic patients to reduce the severity of symptoms as seen from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, recurrence and risk of hospitalization.